Spatial and temporal distributions of microbial diversity under natural conditions on the sandstone stelae of the Beishiku Temple in China

Yong Zhang; Fasi Wu; Min Su; Dongpeng He; Ji Dong Gu; Qinlin Guo; Mian Adnan Kakakhel; Yue Yang; Wanfu Wang; Huyuan Feng

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.105279

Spatial and temporal distributions of microbial diversity under natural conditions on the sandstone stelae of the Beishiku Temple in China

Yong Zhang, Fasi Wu, Min Su, Dongpeng He, Ji Dong Gu, Qinlin Guo, Mian Adnan Kakakhel, Yue Yang, Wanfu Wang, Huyuan Feng^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Environmental Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

Climate and environmental conditions are the main driving factors that are responsible for the biological colonization and deterioration of stone heritage materials, especially for open-air sites. It is critical to determine the relationships among climate, microbial communities, and potential biodeterioration to conserve stone relics. In this study, samples were collected from two severely biodeteriorated stelae that are located in the open air at the Beishiku Temple, China. The genes of 16S/p23S rRNA targeting bacteria and algae and of the ITS1 region for fungi were analysed by using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Additionally, lichens were examined and described. The results showed that the bacterial community compositions varied with seasonal variations and that the dominant phyla were Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Most of the fungi were affiliated with Ascomycota, and some of them were lichenized types and were related to the lichens that had already formed on the stelae. Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria were the dominant algal groups that inhabited the stelae surfaces. Xanthoria and Lecanora were the most dominant genera, which belong to foliose lichen and crust-like lichen, respectively. PCoA analysis showed that the bacterial and algal community structures, rather than those of fungi, were closely correlated with climate parameters. Temperature, precipitation, and wind speed were the main factors that were associated with changes in bacterial communities, while pH was closely associated with increased diversity of bacteria and algae. This study presents basic insights into the lithic microbial ecology in open-air stone monuments and may guide management decisions for their protection and preventative conservation.

Original language	English
Article number	105279
Journal	International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation
Volume	163
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.105279
State	Published - Sep 2021

Keywords

Algae
Bacteria
Biodeterioration
Climate parameters
Fungi
Historical stone
Lichens

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10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.105279

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@article{287e318033d54f56ac690530313e2b54,

title = "Spatial and temporal distributions of microbial diversity under natural conditions on the sandstone stelae of the Beishiku Temple in China",

abstract = "Climate and environmental conditions are the main driving factors that are responsible for the biological colonization and deterioration of stone heritage materials, especially for open-air sites. It is critical to determine the relationships among climate, microbial communities, and potential biodeterioration to conserve stone relics. In this study, samples were collected from two severely biodeteriorated stelae that are located in the open air at the Beishiku Temple, China. The genes of 16S/p23S rRNA targeting bacteria and algae and of the ITS1 region for fungi were analysed by using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Additionally, lichens were examined and described. The results showed that the bacterial community compositions varied with seasonal variations and that the dominant phyla were Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Most of the fungi were affiliated with Ascomycota, and some of them were lichenized types and were related to the lichens that had already formed on the stelae. Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria were the dominant algal groups that inhabited the stelae surfaces. Xanthoria and Lecanora were the most dominant genera, which belong to foliose lichen and crust-like lichen, respectively. PCoA analysis showed that the bacterial and algal community structures, rather than those of fungi, were closely correlated with climate parameters. Temperature, precipitation, and wind speed were the main factors that were associated with changes in bacterial communities, while pH was closely associated with increased diversity of bacteria and algae. This study presents basic insights into the lithic microbial ecology in open-air stone monuments and may guide management decisions for their protection and preventative conservation.",

keywords = "Algae, Bacteria, Biodeterioration, Climate parameters, Fungi, Historical stone, Lichens",

author = "Yong Zhang and Fasi Wu and Min Su and Dongpeng He and Gu, {Ji Dong} and Qinlin Guo and Kakakhel, {Mian Adnan} and Yue Yang and Wanfu Wang and Huyuan Feng",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",

year = "2021",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.105279",

language = "英语",

volume = "163",

journal = "International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation",

issn = "0964-8305",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Spatial and temporal distributions of microbial diversity under natural conditions on the sandstone stelae of the Beishiku Temple in China

AU - Zhang, Yong

AU - Wu, Fasi

AU - Su, Min

AU - He, Dongpeng

AU - Gu, Ji Dong

AU - Guo, Qinlin

AU - Kakakhel, Mian Adnan

AU - Yang, Yue

AU - Wang, Wanfu

AU - Feng, Huyuan

PY - 2021/9

Y1 - 2021/9

N2 - Climate and environmental conditions are the main driving factors that are responsible for the biological colonization and deterioration of stone heritage materials, especially for open-air sites. It is critical to determine the relationships among climate, microbial communities, and potential biodeterioration to conserve stone relics. In this study, samples were collected from two severely biodeteriorated stelae that are located in the open air at the Beishiku Temple, China. The genes of 16S/p23S rRNA targeting bacteria and algae and of the ITS1 region for fungi were analysed by using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Additionally, lichens were examined and described. The results showed that the bacterial community compositions varied with seasonal variations and that the dominant phyla were Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Most of the fungi were affiliated with Ascomycota, and some of them were lichenized types and were related to the lichens that had already formed on the stelae. Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria were the dominant algal groups that inhabited the stelae surfaces. Xanthoria and Lecanora were the most dominant genera, which belong to foliose lichen and crust-like lichen, respectively. PCoA analysis showed that the bacterial and algal community structures, rather than those of fungi, were closely correlated with climate parameters. Temperature, precipitation, and wind speed were the main factors that were associated with changes in bacterial communities, while pH was closely associated with increased diversity of bacteria and algae. This study presents basic insights into the lithic microbial ecology in open-air stone monuments and may guide management decisions for their protection and preventative conservation.

AB - Climate and environmental conditions are the main driving factors that are responsible for the biological colonization and deterioration of stone heritage materials, especially for open-air sites. It is critical to determine the relationships among climate, microbial communities, and potential biodeterioration to conserve stone relics. In this study, samples were collected from two severely biodeteriorated stelae that are located in the open air at the Beishiku Temple, China. The genes of 16S/p23S rRNA targeting bacteria and algae and of the ITS1 region for fungi were analysed by using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Additionally, lichens were examined and described. The results showed that the bacterial community compositions varied with seasonal variations and that the dominant phyla were Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Most of the fungi were affiliated with Ascomycota, and some of them were lichenized types and were related to the lichens that had already formed on the stelae. Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria were the dominant algal groups that inhabited the stelae surfaces. Xanthoria and Lecanora were the most dominant genera, which belong to foliose lichen and crust-like lichen, respectively. PCoA analysis showed that the bacterial and algal community structures, rather than those of fungi, were closely correlated with climate parameters. Temperature, precipitation, and wind speed were the main factors that were associated with changes in bacterial communities, while pH was closely associated with increased diversity of bacteria and algae. This study presents basic insights into the lithic microbial ecology in open-air stone monuments and may guide management decisions for their protection and preventative conservation.

KW - Algae

KW - Bacteria

KW - Biodeterioration

KW - Climate parameters

KW - Fungi

KW - Historical stone

KW - Lichens

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U2 - 10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.105279

DO - 10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.105279

M3 - 文章

AN - SCOPUS:85108522412

SN - 0964-8305

VL - 163

JO - International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation

JF - International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation

M1 - 105279

ER -

Spatial and temporal distributions of microbial diversity under natural conditions on the sandstone stelae of the Beishiku Temple in China

Abstract

Keywords

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