Biochemical pathway and degradation of phthalate ester isomers by bacteria

TY - JOUR

T1 - Biochemical pathway and degradation of phthalate ester isomers by bacteria

AU - Gu, J. D.

AU - Li, J.

AU - Wang, Y.

PY - 2005

Y1 - 2005

N2 - Degradation of dimethyl isophthalate (DMI) and dimethyl phthalate ester (DMPE) was investigated using microorganisms isolated from mangrove sediment of Hong Kong Mai Po Nature Reserve. One enrichment culture was capable of utilizing DMI as the sole source of carbon and energy, but none of the bacteria in the enrichment culture was capable of degrading DMI alone. In co-culture of two bacteria, degradation was observed proceeding through monomethyl isophthalate (MMI) ester and isophthalic acid (IPA) before the aromatic ring opening. Using DMI as the sole carbon and energy source, Klebsiella oxytoca Sc and Methylobacterium mesophilicum Sr degraded DMI through the biochemical cooperation. The initial hydrolytic reaction of the ester bond was by K. oxytoca Sc and the next step of transformation was by M. mesophilicum Sr, and IPA was degraded by both of them. In another investigation, a novel bacterium, strain MPsc, was isolated for degradation of dimethyl phthalate ester (DMPE) also from the mangrove sediment. On the basis of phenotypic, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses, the strain MPsc should be considered as a new bacterium at the genus level (8% differences). This strain, together with a Rhodococcus zopfii isolated from the same mangrove sediment, was able to degrade DMPE aerobically. The consortium consisting of the two species degraded 450 mg/l DMPE within 3 days as the sole source of carbon and energy, but none of the individual species alone was able to transform DMPE. Furthermore, the biochemical degradation pathway proceeded through monomethyl phthalate (MMP), phthalic acid (PA) and then protocatechuate before aromatic ring cleavage. Our results suggest that degradation of complex organic compounds including DMI and DMPE may be carried out by several members of microorganisms working together in the natural environments.

AB - Degradation of dimethyl isophthalate (DMI) and dimethyl phthalate ester (DMPE) was investigated using microorganisms isolated from mangrove sediment of Hong Kong Mai Po Nature Reserve. One enrichment culture was capable of utilizing DMI as the sole source of carbon and energy, but none of the bacteria in the enrichment culture was capable of degrading DMI alone. In co-culture of two bacteria, degradation was observed proceeding through monomethyl isophthalate (MMI) ester and isophthalic acid (IPA) before the aromatic ring opening. Using DMI as the sole carbon and energy source, Klebsiella oxytoca Sc and Methylobacterium mesophilicum Sr degraded DMI through the biochemical cooperation. The initial hydrolytic reaction of the ester bond was by K. oxytoca Sc and the next step of transformation was by M. mesophilicum Sr, and IPA was degraded by both of them. In another investigation, a novel bacterium, strain MPsc, was isolated for degradation of dimethyl phthalate ester (DMPE) also from the mangrove sediment. On the basis of phenotypic, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses, the strain MPsc should be considered as a new bacterium at the genus level (8% differences). This strain, together with a Rhodococcus zopfii isolated from the same mangrove sediment, was able to degrade DMPE aerobically. The consortium consisting of the two species degraded 450 mg/l DMPE within 3 days as the sole source of carbon and energy, but none of the individual species alone was able to transform DMPE. Furthermore, the biochemical degradation pathway proceeded through monomethyl phthalate (MMP), phthalic acid (PA) and then protocatechuate before aromatic ring cleavage. Our results suggest that degradation of complex organic compounds including DMI and DMPE may be carried out by several members of microorganisms working together in the natural environments.

KW - Biochemical cooperation

KW - Degradation

KW - Phthalate ester

KW - Plasticizer

KW - Wetland

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=28444449404&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.2166/wst.2005.0269

DO - 10.2166/wst.2005.0269

M3 - 文章

C2 - 16312973

AN - SCOPUS:28444449404

SN - 0273-1223

VL - 52

SP - 241

EP - 248

JO - Water Science and Technology

JF - Water Science and Technology

IS - 8

ER -