Antibacterial activity and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolite profiles of Celtis africana and its endophytic extracts

Kudzanai Ian Tapfuma; Evonia Kanyane Nchabeleng; Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo; Raeesa Hussan; Ricquelle Daphne Williams; Aluwani Bridget Ravuluvulu; Derek Tantoh Ndinteh; Ren You Gan; Olivier Habimana; Nicolette Niemann; Freddy Munyololo Muganza; Lukhanyo Mekuto; Vuyo Mavumengwana

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112933

Antibacterial activity and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolite profiles of Celtis africana and its endophytic extracts

Kudzanai Ian Tapfuma, Evonia Kanyane Nchabeleng, Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo, Raeesa Hussan, Ricquelle Daphne Williams, Aluwani Bridget Ravuluvulu, Derek Tantoh Ndinteh, Ren You Gan, Olivier Habimana, Nicolette Niemann, Freddy Munyololo Muganza, Lukhanyo Mekuto, Vuyo Mavumengwana^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Celtis africana Burm. f. is a medicinal plant native to Southern Africa and used for various ailments. Since crude extracts from mature leaves, stems, and fruits are the most common parts of this plant used for medicinal preparations, the same were selected for isolation of endophytes to assess the medicinal utility of their metabolite extracts as an extension to metabolite extracts from the different plant parts. Metabolites were extracted from the three plant parts using hexane, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane (DCM) : methanol (MeOH) (1:1 v/v), while extracts from endophytes were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and DCM. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening were performed using extracts from C. africana leaves, stems, and fruits. This was followed by identification of volatile compounds in plant and endophyte extracts using a two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF-MS). Four fungal endophytes from the Aspergillus genus and seven bacterial endophytes from the Kocuria, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus genera were isolated from C. africana. Alkaloids, tannins, and reducing sugars tested positive in plant extracts while the presence of saponins and flavonoids was not observed. The hexane extract from the fruits was comparatively found to have the highest antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/mL on Staphylococcus aureus. Profiling of metabolites on GCxGC-TOF-MS showed the presence of several bioactive compounds in plant and endophytic extracts. Thirteen compounds found in plant extracts were also detected in the cultures of fungal and bacterial endophytes. It was concluded that C. africana fruit hexane extracts have antibacterial activity and that the plant's endophytes can produce some of their host's compounds. Furthermore, combining plant and endophytic crude extracts may extend the medicinal utility of C. africana.

Original language	English
Article number	112933
Journal	Industrial Crops and Products
Volume	157
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112933
State	Published - 1 Dec 2020
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Antimicrobial activity
Celtis africana
GCxGC-TOF-MS
Medicinal plants
Secondary metabolites

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10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112933

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Tapfuma, K. I., Nchabeleng, E. K., Adebo, O. A., Hussan, R., Williams, R. D., Ravuluvulu, A. B., Ndinteh, D. T., Gan, R. Y., Habimana, O., Niemann, N., Muganza, F. M., Mekuto, L., & Mavumengwana, V. (2020). Antibacterial activity and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolite profiles of Celtis africana and its endophytic extracts. Industrial Crops and Products, 157, Article 112933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112933

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title = "Antibacterial activity and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolite profiles of Celtis africana and its endophytic extracts",

abstract = "Celtis africana Burm. f. is a medicinal plant native to Southern Africa and used for various ailments. Since crude extracts from mature leaves, stems, and fruits are the most common parts of this plant used for medicinal preparations, the same were selected for isolation of endophytes to assess the medicinal utility of their metabolite extracts as an extension to metabolite extracts from the different plant parts. Metabolites were extracted from the three plant parts using hexane, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane (DCM) : methanol (MeOH) (1:1 v/v), while extracts from endophytes were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and DCM. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening were performed using extracts from C. africana leaves, stems, and fruits. This was followed by identification of volatile compounds in plant and endophyte extracts using a two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF-MS). Four fungal endophytes from the Aspergillus genus and seven bacterial endophytes from the Kocuria, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus genera were isolated from C. africana. Alkaloids, tannins, and reducing sugars tested positive in plant extracts while the presence of saponins and flavonoids was not observed. The hexane extract from the fruits was comparatively found to have the highest antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/mL on Staphylococcus aureus. Profiling of metabolites on GCxGC-TOF-MS showed the presence of several bioactive compounds in plant and endophytic extracts. Thirteen compounds found in plant extracts were also detected in the cultures of fungal and bacterial endophytes. It was concluded that C. africana fruit hexane extracts have antibacterial activity and that the plant's endophytes can produce some of their host's compounds. Furthermore, combining plant and endophytic crude extracts may extend the medicinal utility of C. africana.",

keywords = "Antimicrobial activity, Celtis africana, GCxGC-TOF-MS, Medicinal plants, Secondary metabolites",

author = "Tapfuma, {Kudzanai Ian} and Nchabeleng, {Evonia Kanyane} and Adebo, {Oluwafemi Ayodeji} and Raeesa Hussan and Williams, {Ricquelle Daphne} and Ravuluvulu, {Aluwani Bridget} and Ndinteh, {Derek Tantoh} and Gan, {Ren You} and Olivier Habimana and Nicolette Niemann and Muganza, {Freddy Munyololo} and Lukhanyo Mekuto and Vuyo Mavumengwana",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2020",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112933",

language = "英语",

volume = "157",

journal = "Industrial Crops and Products",

issn = "0926-6690",

publisher = "Elsevier",

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Tapfuma, KI, Nchabeleng, EK, Adebo, OA, Hussan, R, Williams, RD, Ravuluvulu, AB, Ndinteh, DT, Gan, RY, Habimana, O, Niemann, N, Muganza, FM, Mekuto, L & Mavumengwana, V 2020, 'Antibacterial activity and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolite profiles of Celtis africana and its endophytic extracts', Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 157, 112933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112933

TY - JOUR

T1 - Antibacterial activity and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolite profiles of Celtis africana and its endophytic extracts

AU - Tapfuma, Kudzanai Ian

AU - Nchabeleng, Evonia Kanyane

AU - Adebo, Oluwafemi Ayodeji

AU - Hussan, Raeesa

AU - Williams, Ricquelle Daphne

AU - Ravuluvulu, Aluwani Bridget

AU - Ndinteh, Derek Tantoh

AU - Gan, Ren You

AU - Habimana, Olivier

AU - Niemann, Nicolette

AU - Muganza, Freddy Munyololo

AU - Mekuto, Lukhanyo

AU - Mavumengwana, Vuyo

PY - 2020/12/1

Y1 - 2020/12/1

N2 - Celtis africana Burm. f. is a medicinal plant native to Southern Africa and used for various ailments. Since crude extracts from mature leaves, stems, and fruits are the most common parts of this plant used for medicinal preparations, the same were selected for isolation of endophytes to assess the medicinal utility of their metabolite extracts as an extension to metabolite extracts from the different plant parts. Metabolites were extracted from the three plant parts using hexane, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane (DCM) : methanol (MeOH) (1:1 v/v), while extracts from endophytes were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and DCM. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening were performed using extracts from C. africana leaves, stems, and fruits. This was followed by identification of volatile compounds in plant and endophyte extracts using a two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF-MS). Four fungal endophytes from the Aspergillus genus and seven bacterial endophytes from the Kocuria, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus genera were isolated from C. africana. Alkaloids, tannins, and reducing sugars tested positive in plant extracts while the presence of saponins and flavonoids was not observed. The hexane extract from the fruits was comparatively found to have the highest antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/mL on Staphylococcus aureus. Profiling of metabolites on GCxGC-TOF-MS showed the presence of several bioactive compounds in plant and endophytic extracts. Thirteen compounds found in plant extracts were also detected in the cultures of fungal and bacterial endophytes. It was concluded that C. africana fruit hexane extracts have antibacterial activity and that the plant's endophytes can produce some of their host's compounds. Furthermore, combining plant and endophytic crude extracts may extend the medicinal utility of C. africana.

AB - Celtis africana Burm. f. is a medicinal plant native to Southern Africa and used for various ailments. Since crude extracts from mature leaves, stems, and fruits are the most common parts of this plant used for medicinal preparations, the same were selected for isolation of endophytes to assess the medicinal utility of their metabolite extracts as an extension to metabolite extracts from the different plant parts. Metabolites were extracted from the three plant parts using hexane, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane (DCM) : methanol (MeOH) (1:1 v/v), while extracts from endophytes were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and DCM. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening were performed using extracts from C. africana leaves, stems, and fruits. This was followed by identification of volatile compounds in plant and endophyte extracts using a two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF-MS). Four fungal endophytes from the Aspergillus genus and seven bacterial endophytes from the Kocuria, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus genera were isolated from C. africana. Alkaloids, tannins, and reducing sugars tested positive in plant extracts while the presence of saponins and flavonoids was not observed. The hexane extract from the fruits was comparatively found to have the highest antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/mL on Staphylococcus aureus. Profiling of metabolites on GCxGC-TOF-MS showed the presence of several bioactive compounds in plant and endophytic extracts. Thirteen compounds found in plant extracts were also detected in the cultures of fungal and bacterial endophytes. It was concluded that C. africana fruit hexane extracts have antibacterial activity and that the plant's endophytes can produce some of their host's compounds. Furthermore, combining plant and endophytic crude extracts may extend the medicinal utility of C. africana.

KW - Antimicrobial activity

KW - Celtis africana

KW - GCxGC-TOF-MS

KW - Medicinal plants

KW - Secondary metabolites

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091553196&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112933

DO - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112933

M3 - 文章

AN - SCOPUS:85091553196

SN - 0926-6690

VL - 157

JO - Industrial Crops and Products

JF - Industrial Crops and Products

M1 - 112933

ER -

Antibacterial activity and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolite profiles of Celtis africana and its endophytic extracts

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Keywords

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