Lithium permeation within lithium niobate multilayers with ultrathin chromium, silicon and carbon spacer layers

TY - JOUR

T1 - Lithium permeation within lithium niobate multilayers with ultrathin chromium, silicon and carbon spacer layers

AU - Hüger, Erwin

AU - Dörrer, Lars

AU - Yimnirun, Rattikorn

AU - Jutimoosik, Jaru

AU - Stahn, Jochen

AU - Paul, Amitesh

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2018 the Owner Societies.

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - Li permeation through ultrathin Cr, Si and C layers and interfaces is of interest in the optimization of lithium ion batteries with respect to the control of Li flux. Twenty-one LiNbO3 layers (9 nm), which serve as solid state Li reservoirs, were sputter deposited in an alternating sequence of enriched 6Li or 7Li isotope fractions spaced with (8 nm) thin Cr, Si and C layers. The Li isotope contrast was used to measure Li permeation using depth profiling by secondary ion mass spectrometry and neutron reflectometry on a nanometer scale. Extremely low Li permeation for Cr and Si at room temperature exemplifies the effective blocking of Li movement at least for five years. However, Li permeation through C layers was found to be faster than through Cr and Si layers. With temperature, the Li permeation is enhanced through Cr as compared to that through Si layers. Furthermore, material characterisation shows amorphous LiNbO3, C and Si layers and polycrystalline Cr layers (with 80% elemental bcc chromium and 20% chromium-oxide situated at Cr/LiNbO3 interfaces). Annealing in air at 100 °C (373 K) does not oxidize the Cr layers any further. A stress of 12 GPa, which was measured in Cr spacer layers at room temperature, remains unchanged upon annealing. The origin of a weak ferromagnetic order measured at room temperature (300 K) was attributed to some traces of Cr and Si inside LiNbO3.

AB - Li permeation through ultrathin Cr, Si and C layers and interfaces is of interest in the optimization of lithium ion batteries with respect to the control of Li flux. Twenty-one LiNbO3 layers (9 nm), which serve as solid state Li reservoirs, were sputter deposited in an alternating sequence of enriched 6Li or 7Li isotope fractions spaced with (8 nm) thin Cr, Si and C layers. The Li isotope contrast was used to measure Li permeation using depth profiling by secondary ion mass spectrometry and neutron reflectometry on a nanometer scale. Extremely low Li permeation for Cr and Si at room temperature exemplifies the effective blocking of Li movement at least for five years. However, Li permeation through C layers was found to be faster than through Cr and Si layers. With temperature, the Li permeation is enhanced through Cr as compared to that through Si layers. Furthermore, material characterisation shows amorphous LiNbO3, C and Si layers and polycrystalline Cr layers (with 80% elemental bcc chromium and 20% chromium-oxide situated at Cr/LiNbO3 interfaces). Annealing in air at 100 °C (373 K) does not oxidize the Cr layers any further. A stress of 12 GPa, which was measured in Cr spacer layers at room temperature, remains unchanged upon annealing. The origin of a weak ferromagnetic order measured at room temperature (300 K) was attributed to some traces of Cr and Si inside LiNbO3.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85053851468&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1039/c8cp03345e

DO - 10.1039/c8cp03345e

M3 - 文章

C2 - 30175350

AN - SCOPUS:85053851468

VL - 20

SP - 23233

EP - 23243

JO - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

JF - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

SN - 1463-9076

IS - 36

ER -