Highly ordered graphite (HOPG) to hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) phase transition observed on picosecond time scales using ultrafast x-ray diffraction

Michael R. Armstrong; Harry B. Radousky; Ryan A. Austin; Oliver Tschauner; Shaughnessy Brown; Arianna E. Gleason; Nir Goldman; Eduardo Granados; Paulius Grivickas; Nicholas Holtgrewe; Matthew P. Kroonblawd; Hae Ja Lee; Sergey Lobanov; Bob Nagler; Inhyuk Nam; Vitali Prakapenka; Clemens Prescher; Evan J. Reed; Elissaios Stavrou; Peter Walter; Alexander F. Goncharov; Jonathan L. Belof

doi:10.1063/5.0085297

Highly ordered graphite (HOPG) to hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) phase transition observed on picosecond time scales using ultrafast x-ray diffraction

Michael R. Armstrong^*, Harry B. Radousky, Ryan A. Austin, Oliver Tschauner, Shaughnessy Brown, Arianna E. Gleason, Nir Goldman, Eduardo Granados, Paulius Grivickas, Nicholas Holtgrewe, Matthew P. Kroonblawd, Hae Ja Lee, Sergey Lobanov, Bob Nagler, Inhyuk Nam, Vitali Prakapenka, Clemens Prescher, Evan J. Reed, Elissaios Stavrou, Peter WalterAlexander F. Goncharov, Jonathan L. Belof

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

The response of rapidly compressed highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) normal to its basal plane was investigated at a pressure of ∼80 GPa. Ultrafast x-ray diffraction using ∼100 fs pulses at the Materials Under Extreme Conditions sector of the Linac Coherent Light Source was used to probe the changes in crystal structure resulting from picosecond timescale compression at laser drive energies ranging from 2.5 to 250 mJ. A phase transformation from HOPG to a highly textured hexagonal diamond structure is observed at the highest energy, followed by relaxation to a still highly oriented, but distorted graphite structure following release. We observe the formation of a highly oriented lonsdaleite within 20 ps, subsequent to compression. This suggests that a diffusionless martensitic mechanism may play a fundamental role in phase transition, as speculated in an early work on this system, and more recent static studies of diamonds formed in impact events.

Original language	English
Article number	055901
Journal	Journal of Applied Physics
Volume	132
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085297
State	Published - 7 Aug 2022
Externally published	Yes

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Armstrong, M. R., Radousky, H. B., Austin, R. A., Tschauner, O., Brown, S., Gleason, A. E., Goldman, N., Granados, E., Grivickas, P., Holtgrewe, N., Kroonblawd, M. P., Lee, H. J., Lobanov, S., Nagler, B., Nam, I., Prakapenka, V., Prescher, C., Reed, E. J., Stavrou, E., ... Belof, J. L. (2022). Highly ordered graphite (HOPG) to hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) phase transition observed on picosecond time scales using ultrafast x-ray diffraction. Journal of Applied Physics, 132(5), Article 055901. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085297

@article{765fa9d57dfe4e0eba58256337a49a92,

title = "Highly ordered graphite (HOPG) to hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) phase transition observed on picosecond time scales using ultrafast x-ray diffraction",

abstract = "The response of rapidly compressed highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) normal to its basal plane was investigated at a pressure of ∼80 GPa. Ultrafast x-ray diffraction using ∼100 fs pulses at the Materials Under Extreme Conditions sector of the Linac Coherent Light Source was used to probe the changes in crystal structure resulting from picosecond timescale compression at laser drive energies ranging from 2.5 to 250 mJ. A phase transformation from HOPG to a highly textured hexagonal diamond structure is observed at the highest energy, followed by relaxation to a still highly oriented, but distorted graphite structure following release. We observe the formation of a highly oriented lonsdaleite within 20 ps, subsequent to compression. This suggests that a diffusionless martensitic mechanism may play a fundamental role in phase transition, as speculated in an early work on this system, and more recent static studies of diamonds formed in impact events.",

author = "Armstrong, {Michael R.} and Radousky, {Harry B.} and Austin, {Ryan A.} and Oliver Tschauner and Shaughnessy Brown and Gleason, {Arianna E.} and Nir Goldman and Eduardo Granados and Paulius Grivickas and Nicholas Holtgrewe and Kroonblawd, {Matthew P.} and Lee, {Hae Ja} and Sergey Lobanov and Bob Nagler and Inhyuk Nam and Vitali Prakapenka and Clemens Prescher and Reed, {Evan J.} and Elissaios Stavrou and Peter Walter and Goncharov, {Alexander F.} and Belof, {Jonathan L.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Public Domain.",

year = "2022",

month = aug,

day = "7",

doi = "10.1063/5.0085297",

language = "英语",

volume = "132",

journal = "Journal of Applied Physics",

issn = "0021-8979",

publisher = "American Institute of Physics",

number = "5",

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Armstrong, MR, Radousky, HB, Austin, RA, Tschauner, O, Brown, S, Gleason, AE, Goldman, N, Granados, E, Grivickas, P, Holtgrewe, N, Kroonblawd, MP, Lee, HJ, Lobanov, S, Nagler, B, Nam, I, Prakapenka, V, Prescher, C, Reed, EJ, Stavrou, E, Walter, P, Goncharov, AF & Belof, JL 2022, 'Highly ordered graphite (HOPG) to hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) phase transition observed on picosecond time scales using ultrafast x-ray diffraction', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 132, no. 5, 055901. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085297

TY - JOUR

T1 - Highly ordered graphite (HOPG) to hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) phase transition observed on picosecond time scales using ultrafast x-ray diffraction

AU - Armstrong, Michael R.

AU - Radousky, Harry B.

AU - Austin, Ryan A.

AU - Tschauner, Oliver

AU - Brown, Shaughnessy

AU - Gleason, Arianna E.

AU - Goldman, Nir

AU - Granados, Eduardo

AU - Grivickas, Paulius

AU - Holtgrewe, Nicholas

AU - Kroonblawd, Matthew P.

AU - Lee, Hae Ja

AU - Lobanov, Sergey

AU - Nagler, Bob

AU - Nam, Inhyuk

AU - Prakapenka, Vitali

AU - Prescher, Clemens

AU - Reed, Evan J.

AU - Stavrou, Elissaios

AU - Walter, Peter

AU - Goncharov, Alexander F.

AU - Belof, Jonathan L.

PY - 2022/8/7

Y1 - 2022/8/7

N2 - The response of rapidly compressed highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) normal to its basal plane was investigated at a pressure of ∼80 GPa. Ultrafast x-ray diffraction using ∼100 fs pulses at the Materials Under Extreme Conditions sector of the Linac Coherent Light Source was used to probe the changes in crystal structure resulting from picosecond timescale compression at laser drive energies ranging from 2.5 to 250 mJ. A phase transformation from HOPG to a highly textured hexagonal diamond structure is observed at the highest energy, followed by relaxation to a still highly oriented, but distorted graphite structure following release. We observe the formation of a highly oriented lonsdaleite within 20 ps, subsequent to compression. This suggests that a diffusionless martensitic mechanism may play a fundamental role in phase transition, as speculated in an early work on this system, and more recent static studies of diamonds formed in impact events.

AB - The response of rapidly compressed highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) normal to its basal plane was investigated at a pressure of ∼80 GPa. Ultrafast x-ray diffraction using ∼100 fs pulses at the Materials Under Extreme Conditions sector of the Linac Coherent Light Source was used to probe the changes in crystal structure resulting from picosecond timescale compression at laser drive energies ranging from 2.5 to 250 mJ. A phase transformation from HOPG to a highly textured hexagonal diamond structure is observed at the highest energy, followed by relaxation to a still highly oriented, but distorted graphite structure following release. We observe the formation of a highly oriented lonsdaleite within 20 ps, subsequent to compression. This suggests that a diffusionless martensitic mechanism may play a fundamental role in phase transition, as speculated in an early work on this system, and more recent static studies of diamonds formed in impact events.

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U2 - 10.1063/5.0085297

DO - 10.1063/5.0085297

M3 - 文章

AN - SCOPUS:85135718242

SN - 0021-8979

VL - 132

JO - Journal of Applied Physics

JF - Journal of Applied Physics

IS - 5

M1 - 055901

ER -

Highly ordered graphite (HOPG) to hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) phase transition observed on picosecond time scales using ultrafast x-ray diffraction

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