TY - JOUR
T1 - A numerical study on the loading of cryoprotectant cocktails-on-a-chip. Part II
T2 - The cellular experience
AU - Scherr, Thomas
AU - Pursley, Shelby
AU - Todd Monroe, W.
AU - Nandakumar, Krishnaswamy
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation ARI-R2 program Grant CMMI-0963482 . Thomas Scherr is supported by the National Science Foundation Computational Fluid Dynamics IGERT at Louisiana State University, as well as a Clayton Engineering Excellence Award for Outstanding Graduate Student at Louisiana State University. He would also like to acknowledge research funding from a Coates Research Grant at Louisiana State University. Shelby Pursley is supported by the Chancellor’s Future Leaders in Research program at Louisiana State University and a Clayton Engineering Excellence Award for Outstanding Undergraduate Student at Louisiana State University.
PY - 2014/11
Y1 - 2014/11
N2 - We present a numerical investigation of the simultaneous loading of a cocktail of propanediol and dimethyl sulfoxide into human sperm cells inside of a microchannel. The microchannel simulated has one central upstream inlet for cells, two upstream sheath inlets with one of the cryoprotective agents, and two downstream sheath inlets with the other cryoprotective agent. Of primary interest is how the complicated viscosity and velocity profiles caused by the viscous and miscible fluids affects the cells, both in terms of strain rate and cryoprotective agent mass transport. Despite the characteristic time scale of the trans-membrane mass transport being small, at certain flow rates, the high Peclet number flow inside of the microchannel limits the extracellular cryoprotectant concentration available to the cells. At low flow rates, the intracellular concentrations of both components will reach those of the perfectly mixed values. Increasing to moderate flow rates (near 1 μL/min), the intracellular concentration of the upstream cryoprotective agent will exceed the perfectly mixed value, "super-loading", while there is still appreciable loading of the downstream cryoprotectant. Increasing the flow rate towards 10 μL/min, a large distribution of the upstream cryoprotectant is seen across the cells while minimal downstream cryoprotectant enters the cells. The utility of such a model to aid in the optimization of cryopreservation protocols for a range of cells and cryoprotective cocktails is discussed.
AB - We present a numerical investigation of the simultaneous loading of a cocktail of propanediol and dimethyl sulfoxide into human sperm cells inside of a microchannel. The microchannel simulated has one central upstream inlet for cells, two upstream sheath inlets with one of the cryoprotective agents, and two downstream sheath inlets with the other cryoprotective agent. Of primary interest is how the complicated viscosity and velocity profiles caused by the viscous and miscible fluids affects the cells, both in terms of strain rate and cryoprotective agent mass transport. Despite the characteristic time scale of the trans-membrane mass transport being small, at certain flow rates, the high Peclet number flow inside of the microchannel limits the extracellular cryoprotectant concentration available to the cells. At low flow rates, the intracellular concentrations of both components will reach those of the perfectly mixed values. Increasing to moderate flow rates (near 1 μL/min), the intracellular concentration of the upstream cryoprotective agent will exceed the perfectly mixed value, "super-loading", while there is still appreciable loading of the downstream cryoprotectant. Increasing the flow rate towards 10 μL/min, a large distribution of the upstream cryoprotectant is seen across the cells while minimal downstream cryoprotectant enters the cells. The utility of such a model to aid in the optimization of cryopreservation protocols for a range of cells and cryoprotective cocktails is discussed.
KW - Cryopreservation
KW - Microfluidics
KW - Miscible fluids
KW - Numerical modeling
KW - Viscous flows
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84907599224&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.07.025
DO - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.07.025
M3 - 文章
AN - SCOPUS:84907599224
SN - 0017-9310
VL - 78
SP - 1292
EP - 1299
JO - International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
JF - International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
ER -